Setup photos and test images below are provided by David V. Kutaliya. The lens is P.Angenieux Paris Retrofocus 3.5/28mm.
For the experiment, he used a tripod and a Leica M10 camera. The distance to the mirror frame is 132 cm, ISO sensitivity is 100. The shots were made without the adapter, with the adapter and without filters, and then with the adapter and filter.
The purpose of this test is to check how much vignetting the adapter and filter adds for the wide angle Retrofocus 3.5/28mm lens. The photos size is reduced to load faster. If you need original photos, please let me know.
This wide angle lens vignettes with 58mm filter. If you don't like this, you will need a step-up ring to a larger size (at least 62mm). You need such larger step ring INSTEAD of this one, not additionally.
This photo is taken with the Angenieux Retrofocus 3.5/28mm lens without any filter adapter. The lens aperture is set to f/3.5.
M56x0.7 male to M58x0.75 female thread adapter is installed. The lens aperture is set to f/3.5. Extra vignetting is very difficult to notice.
Filter added. The lens is still at f/3.5, but extra vignetting is clearly visible.
The same filter, but the lens is stepped down to f/8, Vignetting became stronger.
And the last test with the same filter and the lens stepped down to f/22, Vignetting is even more strong.
On the other hand, you are not obliged to use a full-frame mode only. In APS-C/Super-35 mode, this lens will not vignette at all.
But David noticed something strange: "In addition, when recording video on Sony A9, there is barely noticeable vignetting in the corners precisely when the camera moves. The effect is strange, but it's true."